Bali is the name of a province in Indonesia and also the name of the largest islands that are part of the province. In addition consists of the island of Bali, Bali province consists of the islands smaller in the vicinity, namely the island of Nusa Penida, Nusa Lembongan Island, Nusa Island and Island Ceningan attack.
Bali lies between Java and Lombok Island. Denpasar is the capital of his province, located in the south of the island. The majority of Balinese are Hindu. In the world famous Bali as a tourist destination with a unique variety of art-culture, especially for the Japanese and Australian tourists. Bali is also known as Island of the Gods and Pulau Seribu Pura.
Geography
Bali Island is part of the Lesser Sunda Islands along the 153 km and 112 km wide approximately 3.2 km from the island of Java. Astronomically, Bali is located at 8 ° 25'23 "south latitude and 115 ° 14'55" East Longitude tropical climate that makes it like other parts of Indonesia.
Gunung Agung is the highest point in Bali as high as 3148 m. The volcano last erupted in March 1963. Mount Batur is also one of the mountain in Bali. About 30,000 years ago, Mount Batur erupted and produced a terrible disaster on earth. Unlike in the north, the southern part of Bali is irrigated lowland rivers.
Based on the relief and topography, in the middle of the island of Bali lies the mountains that extends from west to east and between the mountains there are clusters of volcanic Mount Batur and Mount Agung and the mountains are not volcanoes, namely Gunung Merbuk, Gunung Patas and Mount Seraya. The existence of these mountains cause by Geographic Area Bali is divided into 2 (two) parts that are not the same, namely North Bali with a narrow lowland and less sloping and the South of Bali with a broad lowland and sloping. Bali slope consists of flat land (0-2%) covering 122,652 hectares, undulating land (2-15%) covering 118,339 ha, steep land (15-40%) and land area of 190,486 ha of very steep (> 40%) an area of 132,189 ha. Province of Bali has 4 (four) lakes located in mountainous areas, namely Danau Beratan, Buyan, Tamblingan and Lake Batur.
The capital of Bali is Denpasar. Places Ubud Other important as the art center is located in Gianyar regency, while Kuta, Sanur, Seminyak, Jimbaran and Nusa Dua are some places that a tourist destination, both tourist and beach resorts.
The total area of Bali Province is 5636.66 km2 or 0.29% of the territory of the Republic of Indonesia. Administratively, the Province of Bali is divided into 9 districts, 55 districts and 701 villages.
Boundary regionNorth Bali SeaSouthern Ocean IndonesiaWestern Province of East JavaEast Nusa Tenggara Province
History
The first inhabitants of the island of Bali is expected to come in 3000-2500 BCE who migrated from Asia.Peninggalan stone tools from this period are found in the village Cekik located in the western part of the island. Prehistoric times and then ended with the arrival of Hinduism and Sanskrit writings from India in 100 BC.
Culture of Bali later gained strong influence of Indian culture that the process is more rapid after the 1st century AD. Name Balidwipa (Bali Island) began to be found in various inscriptions, including inscriptions Blanjong issued by Sri Kesari Warmadewa in 913 AD and mentions the word Walidwipa. It is estimated that around this time that Subak irrigation system for rice cultivation began to be developed. Some religious and cultural traditions also began to develop at that time. Kingdom of Majapahit (1293-1500 AD) who are Hindus and centered on the island of Java, had established the kingdom of subordinates in Bali around the year 1343 AD It was almost all over the country are Hindus, but as the arrival of Islam stood Islamic kingdoms in the archipelago, among others, led to the collapse of Majapahit. Many nobles, priests, artists and other Hindu community when it withdrew from the island of Java to Bali.
The Europeans who first discovered Bali is Cornelis de Houtman from the Netherlands in 1597, though a Portuguese ship had previously been stranded near Cape Mount, Jimbaran, in 1585. Dutch East India Company began to implement through the soil colonial Bali, but continue to get resistance, so until the end of the power of their position in Bali is not as solid as their position in the Java or the Moluccas. Starting from the northern region of Bali, since the 1840s the Netherlands has become a permanent presence which was originally done by pit the various rulers of Bali that mutual distrust each other. Dutch major attack by sea and land against the Sanur region and followed by Denpasar area. Bali party who loses in number and weaponry do not want to experience shame to give up, thus causing the war to the death or bellows which involves all the people both men and women including the king. An estimated 4,000 people were killed in the incident, although the Netherlands has ordered them to surrender. Furthermore, the Dutch governors who ruled only a few gave its influence on the island, so that local control of religion and culture generally remained unchanged.
Japan occupied Bali during World War II and then a military officer named I Gusti Ngurah Rai Bali forming forces 'freedom fighters'. Following Japan's surrender in the Pacific in August 1945, the Dutch promptly returned to Indonesia (including Bali) to re-establish its colonial rule as a state before the war. This was opposed by the forces of resistance Bali who was using Japanese weapons.
On 20 November 1945, Break Puputan Margarana battle that occurred in the village of Marga, Tabanan, Bali middle. Colonel I Gusti Ngurah Rai 29-year-old, led his troops from the territory east of Bali to take the offensive to death on the Dutch troops are armed to the teeth. All members of the battalion Bali killed them all and make it as a last Balinese military resistance.
In 1946 the Dutch made Bali as one of 13 areas part of the new State of East Indonesia was proclaimed, named as one of the rivals for the Republic of Indonesia which was proclaimed and headed by Sukarno and Hatta. Bali then also incorporated into the United States of Indonesia when the Dutch recognized the independence of Indonesia on December 29, 1949. In 1950, Bali officially leave perserikatannya with the Dutch and legally became a province of the Republic of Indonesia.
The eruption of Mount Agung that occurred in 1963, had shaken the people's economy and caused many of the Balinese transmigrated to other areas in Indonesia.
In 1965, along with the failure by the G30S coup against the national government in Jakarta, in Bali and many other areas there was a crackdown against members and sympathizers of the Communist Party of Indonesia. In Bali, it is estimated more than 100,000 people were killed or missing. Nevertheless, the events in the early days of New Order is up to now has not managed to be disclosed by law.
Terrorist attacks have occurred on October 12, 2002, in the form of the 2002 Bali bomb attacks in Kuta Beach tourist area, causing as many as 202 people were killed and 209 others injured. Bomb attacks in Bali 2005 also occurred three years later in Kuta and Jimbaran beach. Such events received extensive international coverage because most of the victims were foreign tourists and cause the Bali tourism industry faces severe challenges in recent years.
Demography
Bali residents about a number of 4 million souls, with 92.3% majority Hindu religion. Other religions are Buddhism, Islam, Protestant and Catholic.
Apart from tourism, the Balinese are also living from agriculture and fisheries. Some also choose to become artists. The language used in Bali is Indonesian, Balinese and English especially for those who work in the tourism sector.
Bahasa Bali and Bahasa Indonesian is the language most widely used in Bali and other Indonesian citizens, as most of the Balinese people are bilingual or even trilingual. Although there are several dialects in the language of Bali, the Balinese people generally use a form of Balinese language intercourse as an option in communicating. Traditionally, the use of various dialects of the Balinese language is determined based on the color chess system in Hinduism Dharma and membership of the clan (the term Bali: Soroh, gotra), although the implementation of these traditions tend to decrease.
English is the third (and the primary foreign language) for many of the Balinese people are influenced by the great need of the tourism industry. The employees who work at tourist information centers in Bali, often also understand some of the foreign language competence is sufficient.
Transportation
Bali has no railway network but a very good road network is available, especially to areas of tourist destination. Most of the residents have a private car and chose to use it because public transportation is not available with either, except taxis.
Type of public transportation in Bali, among others:
Gig, using the horse as vehicle towing
Motorcycle taxi, motorcycle taxi
Bemo, serving in and intercity
Taxi
Bus, serving intercity relations, rural, and between provinces.
Bali connect with the island of Java by ferry service that connects the Port of Port Gilimanuk with Ketapang in Banyuwangi the old sails through about 30 to 45 minutes. Crossing to Lombok Island through Padang Bay to the Port of Port of Sheet which takes about four hours.
Air transport is served by the Ngurah Rai International Airport and destinations to major cities in Indonesia, Australia, Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand and Japan. Runway and aircraft coming and going can be seen clearly from the beach.
GovernanceList of regencies and cities in BaliNo. District Capital1 Badung Badung2 Bangli Bangli District3 Buleleng Singaraja4 Gianyar Gianyar5 Jembrana Regency CountryKarangasem Karangasem District 6Klungkung Klungkung District 7Tabanan Tabanan District 89 Denpasar -
Music
Balinese traditional music has similarities with traditional music in many other areas in Indonesia, for example in the use of the gamelan and various other percussion musical instruments. Nevertheless, there are peculiarities in the technique of playing and his composition, for example in the form kecak, namely a form of singing that supposedly mimic monkeys. Similarly, a variety of gamelan are played even unique, for example Jegog gamelan, gamelan gong gede, gamelan xylophone, gamelan and gamelan Semar selunding Pegulingan. There is also music playing for ceremonies Ngaben Angklung and Bebonangan music played in a variety of other ceremonies.
There is a modern form of traditional music of Bali, for example Gamelan Gong Kebyar which is a dance music that developed during the Dutch colonial period and Joged tube which became popular in Bali since the 1950's era. Generally, Balinese music is a combination of various metal percussion instruments (metallophone), gongs and wooden percussion (xylophone). Because social relations, politics and culture, traditional music of Bali or Balinese gamelan game influence or affect each other cultures in the surrounding area, such as traditional music community in Banyuwangi and the traditional music of Lombok.
Gamelan
Jegog
Genggong
Bali silat
Dance
Balinese dance in general can be categorized into three groups, namely the guardian or the sacred art of dance performances, art bebali or dance performances for ceremonies and also for visitors and balih-balihan or the art of dance for the entertainment of visitors. [7]
Balinese dance expert I Made Bandem [8] in the early 1980s never classify these Balinese dances, among others, who belong to the guardian for example Berutuk, Sang Hyang Dedari, Rejang and Line Gede, bebali among others are Gambuh, Mask Pajegan and Wayang Wong, whereas balih-balihan among others is the Legong, Parwa, Arja, Prembon and Joged and various other modern dance choreography.
One of the dances are very popular for tourists is the Kecak Dance. Around the 1930s, Wayan Limbak worked with German painter Walter Spies to create this dance based on traditional Sanghyang and parts of the story of Ramayana. Wayan Limbak popularizing this dance while traveling the world with his troupe of Balinese dancers.Young dancers are dancing grouse dance, contemporary choreography by Ni Luh Suasthi Bandem.
Dance guardian
Sang Hyang Dedari
Sang Hyang Jaran
Rejang Dance
Line Dance
Dance Janger
Dance bebali
Mask Dance
Gambuh
Dance-balihan balih
Legong Dance
Arja
Joged tube
Drama Gong
Barong
Pendet
Kecak Dance
Candidate Charcoal
Apparel region
Apparel Bali region is extremely varied, although it briefly seemed the same. Each area in Bali has a symbolic and ornamental characteristics, based on activity / ceremony, sex and age of its users. Social and economic status a person can be known based on the mode of dress and ornaments worn jewelry.
ManChildren wearing Udeng Ubud, white shirt and cloth.
Traditional men's clothing generally consists of:
Udeng (headband)
Fabric hem
Umpal (shawl fastener)
Cain Wastra (tank top)
Belt
Kris
A variety of jewelry ornaments
Often, too, worn clothes, shirts, jackets and footwear as a complement.
WomanThe dancers wore little bun, songket and prada fabric.
Women's traditional clothing, usually consisting of:
Bun (bun)
Sesenteng (kemben songket)
Cain Wastra
Prada Belt (Stagen), twisted hips and chest
Shawl songket shoulders down
Cain tapih or sinjang, next in
A variety of jewelry ornaments
Often kebaya worn, cloth chest, and footwear as a complement.
FoodMain meal
Chicken goby
Pork roll
Billy goat
Be Kokak Mekuah
Be Pasih mesambel matah
Duck goby
Berengkes
Grangasem
Jejeruk
Jukut Urab
Komoh
Lawar
Rice Bubuh
Rice Tepeng
Penyon
Sate Kablet
Sate Lilit
Sate pins
Sate turtle
Sate Plugs
Timbungan
Tum
Order Tabanan
Snacks
Sago Bubuh
Bubuh Marrow
Bubuh Tuak
Jaja Batun Duren
Jaja Begina
Jaja dam
Jaja Bikang
Jaja Engol
Jaja Godoh
Jaja Squatting
Jaja Ketimus
Jaja Klepon
Jaja-Lak Lak
Jaja Sumping
Jaja Tain Buati
Jaja Uli mission Tape
Jaja Wajik
Nuts Rahayu
Rujak Bulung
Kuah Rojak Pindang
Sweet salad
Rujak Tibah
Salak Bali
Weapon
Kris
Spear
Tiuk
Spur
Kandik
Caluk
Sickle
Udud
Gelewang
Trident
Arrow
Penampad
Garot
Tulud
Kis-Kis
Assumption
Irate
Blakas
Slicer
Traditional House
Houses of Bali in accordance with the rules of Asta Kosala Kosali (the Vedas which adjust the layout of the room and building, as Feng Shui in Chinese Culture)
According to the philosophy of the Balinese community, dynamic in life will be achieved if the realization of a harmonious relationship between aspects pawongan, palemahan and parahyangan. For the construction of a house should include these aspects or the so-called Tri Hita Karana. Pawongan is the occupants of the house. Palemahan means it must have a good relationship between residents and the environment.
In general, building or area of traditional Balinese architecture is always filled with ornaments, a carved, equipment and provision of color. Ornamental pattern contains a specific meaning as an expression of the beauty of the symbols and the delivery of communications. Decorative forms of fauna species also function as ritual symbols displayed in the sculpture.
National Heroes
Fortunately Suropati
I Gusti Ngurah Rai
I Gusti Ketut Jelantik
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