The brain is the central nervous system in vertebrates and many other invertebrates. Brain organize and coordinated in large part, movement, behavior and homeostatic body functions such as heartbeat, blood pressure, body fluid balance and body temperature. The brain is also responsible for functions such as recognition, emotion. memory, motor learning and all other forms of learning.
The brain is made up of two cell types: glia and neurons. Glia function to support and protect neurons, whereas neurons carry information in the form of electrical pulses known as action potentials. They communicate with other neurons and throughout the body by sending various kinds of chemicals called neurotransmitters. Neurotransmitters are delivered in a gap, known as synapses. Invertebrates such as insects may have millions of neurons in the brain, large vertebrates can have up to one hundred billion neurons.
The human brain is a central structure that has a volume setting of about 1.350cc and consists of 100 million nerve cells or neurons. The human brain is responsible for setting the whole body and human mind. Therefore there are close links between brain and mind. Brain and nerve cells in it is believed to affect human cognition. Knowledge about the brain affect the development of cognitive psychology.
Human brain parts
In the brain anatomy of vertebrates, the forebrain is the top of the brain. At this stage of development of central nervous system, developing forebrain and broke away into a big brain and diensefalon. If at the time of embryonic forebrain experiencing barriers to develop into both lobes of this, there will be a condition called holoprosensefali
Big brain
Large brain is the most prominent front part of the forebrain. Cerebrum consists of two parts, namely the left and right hemispheres. Each hemisphere organize and serve the body in the opposite, the left hemisphere of the body regulate the right and vice versa. If the left hemisphere of the brain impaired the right side of the body will experience problems, even paralysis. Each front hemisphere is divided into four lobes namely the frontal, pariental, okspital, and temporal. Between the frontal lobes and lobes pariental separated by central sulcus or cleft Rolando.
The term refers to the structure of the embryo telencephalon which later evolved into the cerebrum:
* The dorsal telencephalon or pallium develops into the cerebral cortex
* Ventral telencephalon or sub-pallium develops into the basal ganglia.
Cerebral cortex
Besarmerupakan brain cortex thin layer of gray which consists of 15-33 billion neurons, each connected to about 10,000 synapses, one cubic millimeter there are approximately one billion synapses. Communications that occur between neurons in the form of a long series of signal pulses called action potentials made possible through a fiber protoplamik called axons that can be sent to the remote parts of the brain or body to find a specific cell receptors.
There are six layers of cortex, the neocortex / isokorteks, arcikorteks, paleokorteks, allokorteks that many times so that the surface becomes more widespread with a thickness of 2 to 4 mm. Cortex layer there are various kinds of nerve centers that control memory, attention, perception, consideration, language and consciousness.
Basic ganglia
Ganglia that foundation is a layer of white. Layer in many containing nerve fibers, namely Dendrite and Neurit
Cerebrum is the main nerve center, because it has a very important function in regulating all body activity, particularly in relation to intelligence, memory, awareness, and consideration. In detail, the activity is controlled in a different area. In front of the slit center (central sulcus) there is the motor area which controls voluntary movement. The bottom of the motor cortex is related to the ability to speak. Anterior region of the frontal lobe associated with the ability to think. On the back (posterior) is an area of sensory entralis sulcus. In this area the feeling of nature is felt and then interpreted. Regional hearing (auditory) is located in the temporal lobe. In this area, impression or sound is received and interpreted. Visual area (vision) is located at the tip of the occipital lobe that receives the shadow and the shadow then it is interpreted. The taste and smell center is located at the tip of the anterior temporal lobe.
Diensefalon
Diensefalon is part of the brain that consists of:
* Mid-diencephalic territory
o pretalamus / ventral thalamus / subtalamus, located below the hypothalamus gland. Nuclei of the zone incerta, thalamic reticular nucleus, and the fields of Forel. Pretalamus patterned Shh signals from the ZLI and after that make different connections to the striatum (caudate nucleus and putamen) in the forebrain, the thalamus (medial group and lateral nucleus) in the cerebellum, and the red nucleus and substantia nigra in the midbrain . Pretalamus suspected to have contributed to the control of consumption patterns including defecation and copulation.
o intratalamika limitan zone that serves as the center of the cerebrum and the withdrawal signal as a barrier between the thalamus and pretalamus.
o thalamus / dorsal thalamus that functions such as communication link between the cerebral hemispheres.
* The hypothalamus, is the central control of biological time, body temperature and the secretion of hormones and other biological functions. The hypothalamus is located at the base of the forebrain.
* Epitalamus
* Pretektum
Midbrain
* Tektum, consisting of 2 pairs of colliculi called corpora quadrigemina:
o inferior colliculi, are involved in the process of hearing. Signals received from the various brain stem nuclei of the thalamus projected to the medial geniculate nucleus known to be forwarded to the primary auditory cortex
o superior colliculi, to serve as the beginning of the process of visual and eye movement control
* Cerebral peduncle
o tegmentum is a multi-synaptic network involved in homeostasis and trajectory reflex system.
o crus cerebri
o substantia nigra
Hindbrain
The brain behind the bridge includes advanced Varol marrow, and cerebellum. These three sections form the brain stem
* Bridge Varol contains nerve fibers that connects the left and right lobe of the cerebellum, as well as connecting the cerebellum with the cerebral cortex.
* Marrow continued to form the bottom of the bridge linking the brain stem and pons to the spinal cord. A group of neurons in the reticular formation in the marrow continued to function to control the respiratory system, and cranial nerve which controls heart rate are also in this marrow. [2] It also acts as a central regulator of reflex physiology, air pressure, body temperature, dilation or constriction of blood vessels, the motion means of digestion, and secretion of digestive gland. Another function is to regulate reflexes, such as coughing, sneezing, and blink.
Small brain
Cerebellum is the largest part of hindbrain. Cerebellum is located in the occipital lobe of cerebrum bring. Cerebellum consists of two parts and grooved surface. The function of the cerebellum is to adjust the attitude or posture, balance, and coordination of muscle movements that occur consciously. In the event of injury to the cerebellum, may cause interference with the attitude and the coordination of muscle movement. The movement became uncoordinated, such person is not able to incorporate food into his mouth.
The brain is made up of two cell types: glia and neurons. Glia function to support and protect neurons, whereas neurons carry information in the form of electrical pulses known as action potentials. They communicate with other neurons and throughout the body by sending various kinds of chemicals called neurotransmitters. Neurotransmitters are delivered in a gap, known as synapses. Invertebrates such as insects may have millions of neurons in the brain, large vertebrates can have up to one hundred billion neurons.
The human brain is a central structure that has a volume setting of about 1.350cc and consists of 100 million nerve cells or neurons. The human brain is responsible for setting the whole body and human mind. Therefore there are close links between brain and mind. Brain and nerve cells in it is believed to affect human cognition. Knowledge about the brain affect the development of cognitive psychology.
Human brain parts
In the brain anatomy of vertebrates, the forebrain is the top of the brain. At this stage of development of central nervous system, developing forebrain and broke away into a big brain and diensefalon. If at the time of embryonic forebrain experiencing barriers to develop into both lobes of this, there will be a condition called holoprosensefali
Big brain
Large brain is the most prominent front part of the forebrain. Cerebrum consists of two parts, namely the left and right hemispheres. Each hemisphere organize and serve the body in the opposite, the left hemisphere of the body regulate the right and vice versa. If the left hemisphere of the brain impaired the right side of the body will experience problems, even paralysis. Each front hemisphere is divided into four lobes namely the frontal, pariental, okspital, and temporal. Between the frontal lobes and lobes pariental separated by central sulcus or cleft Rolando.
The term refers to the structure of the embryo telencephalon which later evolved into the cerebrum:
* The dorsal telencephalon or pallium develops into the cerebral cortex
* Ventral telencephalon or sub-pallium develops into the basal ganglia.
Cerebral cortex
Besarmerupakan brain cortex thin layer of gray which consists of 15-33 billion neurons, each connected to about 10,000 synapses, one cubic millimeter there are approximately one billion synapses. Communications that occur between neurons in the form of a long series of signal pulses called action potentials made possible through a fiber protoplamik called axons that can be sent to the remote parts of the brain or body to find a specific cell receptors.
There are six layers of cortex, the neocortex / isokorteks, arcikorteks, paleokorteks, allokorteks that many times so that the surface becomes more widespread with a thickness of 2 to 4 mm. Cortex layer there are various kinds of nerve centers that control memory, attention, perception, consideration, language and consciousness.
Basic ganglia
Ganglia that foundation is a layer of white. Layer in many containing nerve fibers, namely Dendrite and Neurit
Cerebrum is the main nerve center, because it has a very important function in regulating all body activity, particularly in relation to intelligence, memory, awareness, and consideration. In detail, the activity is controlled in a different area. In front of the slit center (central sulcus) there is the motor area which controls voluntary movement. The bottom of the motor cortex is related to the ability to speak. Anterior region of the frontal lobe associated with the ability to think. On the back (posterior) is an area of sensory entralis sulcus. In this area the feeling of nature is felt and then interpreted. Regional hearing (auditory) is located in the temporal lobe. In this area, impression or sound is received and interpreted. Visual area (vision) is located at the tip of the occipital lobe that receives the shadow and the shadow then it is interpreted. The taste and smell center is located at the tip of the anterior temporal lobe.
Diensefalon
Diensefalon is part of the brain that consists of:
* Mid-diencephalic territory
o pretalamus / ventral thalamus / subtalamus, located below the hypothalamus gland. Nuclei of the zone incerta, thalamic reticular nucleus, and the fields of Forel. Pretalamus patterned Shh signals from the ZLI and after that make different connections to the striatum (caudate nucleus and putamen) in the forebrain, the thalamus (medial group and lateral nucleus) in the cerebellum, and the red nucleus and substantia nigra in the midbrain . Pretalamus suspected to have contributed to the control of consumption patterns including defecation and copulation.
o intratalamika limitan zone that serves as the center of the cerebrum and the withdrawal signal as a barrier between the thalamus and pretalamus.
o thalamus / dorsal thalamus that functions such as communication link between the cerebral hemispheres.
* The hypothalamus, is the central control of biological time, body temperature and the secretion of hormones and other biological functions. The hypothalamus is located at the base of the forebrain.
* Epitalamus
* Pretektum
Midbrain
* Tektum, consisting of 2 pairs of colliculi called corpora quadrigemina:
o inferior colliculi, are involved in the process of hearing. Signals received from the various brain stem nuclei of the thalamus projected to the medial geniculate nucleus known to be forwarded to the primary auditory cortex
o superior colliculi, to serve as the beginning of the process of visual and eye movement control
* Cerebral peduncle
o tegmentum is a multi-synaptic network involved in homeostasis and trajectory reflex system.
o crus cerebri
o substantia nigra
Hindbrain
The brain behind the bridge includes advanced Varol marrow, and cerebellum. These three sections form the brain stem
* Bridge Varol contains nerve fibers that connects the left and right lobe of the cerebellum, as well as connecting the cerebellum with the cerebral cortex.
* Marrow continued to form the bottom of the bridge linking the brain stem and pons to the spinal cord. A group of neurons in the reticular formation in the marrow continued to function to control the respiratory system, and cranial nerve which controls heart rate are also in this marrow. [2] It also acts as a central regulator of reflex physiology, air pressure, body temperature, dilation or constriction of blood vessels, the motion means of digestion, and secretion of digestive gland. Another function is to regulate reflexes, such as coughing, sneezing, and blink.
Small brain
Cerebellum is the largest part of hindbrain. Cerebellum is located in the occipital lobe of cerebrum bring. Cerebellum consists of two parts and grooved surface. The function of the cerebellum is to adjust the attitude or posture, balance, and coordination of muscle movements that occur consciously. In the event of injury to the cerebellum, may cause interference with the attitude and the coordination of muscle movement. The movement became uncoordinated, such person is not able to incorporate food into his mouth.
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